高中英语：little 和small的用法讲解
这一对形容词是同义词，但修辞意味有所不同。
Little 往往带有感情色彩，有指小和可爱的意味，它的对义词是great或big.
Small是中性词，不带感情色彩，它的反义词是large.通过下列词语的比较，我们可以分辨它们的隐含意义：
a little house 含义是小巧玲珑的房子
a small house 含义是面积或容量不大的房子
a little girl 含义是可爱的或可怜的小女孩
a small girl 含义是年龄或身材不大的女孩
a little town 含义是可爱的小镇
a small town 含义是面积不大或人口不多的小镇
值得注意的是，little和small在修饰某些名词时，会产生不同的意思。例如：
little money 是没有多少钱
small money 是面额小的钱币
下面两个句子的涵义并不相同，请注意：
He has no small chance of success.
他大有成功的可能。
He has not the smallest chance of success.
他并没有成功的可能。
一百多年前，有些英美作家用littler，littlest作为little的比较级和最高级，如 the littlest child;the littler house.这种英语在现代英语中已看不到了。
上面谈到great和large是little和small的对语，这里举两个例子予以说明great和large的区别：
a great man是一个伟大的人物，意指他具有高贵的品质或惊人的成就。
a large man是一个身材高大的人，意指他的外表长得高大，并不指他的品性、能力或工作而言。
a great dog是一条大得令人望而生畏的狗，它带有畏惧的感情色彩。
a large dog 是一条大狗，并无感情色彩在内。
不定式动词的用法不定式动词(Infinitive)的形式是：“to + 原动词”, 如：to come, to go, to play, to read, to listen, to sing等等。
在一般情况下，“to + 原动词”必须靠拢，但在某些情况里，“to”和原动词可以被适当的副词(Adverb)分开，在某些动词句型里，“to”则必须省略。
在什么情况下，不定式动词的两部份可以分开呢?分开的目的何在?在大多数场合里，不定式动词两部分不分开，只有在特殊环境里才准许让副词加入，以便更准确地，更自然地反映某些实际情况。看看下面三个句子：
(1) Bob failed completely to fulfil his duties.
(2) Bob failed to fulfil his duties completely.
(3) Bob failed to completely fulfil his duties.
在(1)里，状态副词“Completely”既可修饰谓语动词“failed”，也可修饰不定式动词“to fulfil”。在 (2) 里，“completely”和被修饰的不定式动词离开太远，力道不足，效果欠佳。在 (3) 里，“completely”夹在不定式动词两部份之间，把它修饰得既自然又贴切;这个位置，在三个句子中，可说是最恰当的了。
同样的，(4)比(5)紧凑;(6)比(7)扎实：
(4) It was wrong for Mr Lim to suddenly quit the job.
(5) It was wrong for Mr Lim suddenly to quit the job.
(6) Is it possible for a chaotic country to further develop its economy?
(7) Is it possible for a chaotic country to develop its economy further?
由于不定式动词的两部分在适当时分开有其优点，这种用法，在现代英语里越来越普遍。例如：
(8) Civil servants were urged to better serve the public.
(9)The Economic Development Board has just announced some new plans to further promote the economic development.
(10) I don't want you to be forever criticising your friends' good efforts.
(11) The new manager wanted the new scheme to be properly implemented.
高三英语作文：Environment Protection
We live in the world every day. We eat food, drink water, wear clothes, watch TV, use computers and so on. We are producing waste every moment.
Generally speaking, there are four sorts of waste. They are material waste, organic waste, inorganic waste and poisonous & harmful waste. Now, we are going to talk about each sort of waste one by one.
Material waste: it means the waste of substance or things from which something else can be made. For example, people throw away the used metal products and buy a new one, so the old metal waste accumulates. At last, they ……此处隐藏17147个字……
A. Just B. Only ?C. Even D. Ever?
此题最佳答案应选B，主要因为其后主句用了倒装句式(...does one know its value)，而综合所给四个选项，只有“only +状语”置于句首才会引出倒装句式。又如：?
Only in this way can you do it well.只有用这种办法你才能把它做好
Only by working hard can you succeed.你只有努力才能成功
Only yesterday did he return me the money.昨天他才把钱还给我。
Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.只有在那次事故之后，他才叫人检查了他的车子
42. He was in great need of money, so he _____ $5, 000 for his car.?
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent?
许多同学根据pay ... for ...这一搭配推断出此题应选Ａ。但是错了，当然若单独说He paid $5 000 for the car (他付了5 000美元买这车)也没什么不妥，但问题是，本句前面有这样一句He was in great need of money (他急需要钱)，既然是“急需要钱”，又怎么还会花5 000美元去买车呢？尤其还需注意的是car前的物主代词his，这说明是为自己的车花5 000美元，不合情理。此题的正确答案是B，take在此表示“获得”，句意为“他急需要钱，把自己的车以5 000美元给卖掉了”。
43. They weren't a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and _____ defeat.?
A. accept B. accepted? C. accepting D. to have accepted
此题容易误选B，误认为accepted与谓语refused并列。其实，最佳答案为A，动词accept与give并列
44. Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then _____ off the gas.?
A. turn B. turning C. turned D. having turned
?答案为A，turn off the gas与 watch the milk until it boiled并列
45. “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.”“Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”? A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a?
此题容易误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。但事实上，此题的第二空Is it black one?中的one并非指前面提到的pen，即这里的one与前面的pen并非同一事物。另外，从后面的I think I saw it somewhere(我想我在哪个地方见过)可知前一句的black one不能是特指的，而应是泛指的，故应用不定冠词。此题正确答案为C
现在我们把此题变化一下：
46. “Have you seen___pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it __black one? I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the? C. a, a D. the, a
这样一改，此题的最佳答案就是A，而不是C了
47. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.?
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the?
此题很容易误选B，认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。但是，句中第二次提到girl时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整是：My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.?比较以下两句(第二个girl前用了定冠词，因为那是特指)：?
For this he asked a girl, but the girl refused to answer him.
为此他问了一个女孩，但这个女孩拒绝回答他
The other day he met a beautiful girl in the park and the girl smiled at him
48 “Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”?
A. anybody B. everybody?C. somebody D. nobody??
此题容易误选A，认为这是一般疑问句，要用anybody。其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob和Tim两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：??
49. “Is there _____ here?” “Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come and help me.”?
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody?
50. “I think the teacher is wrong, _____?” “No, I don't think so.”?
A. don't you B. don't I? C. doesn't he D. doesn't she
此题容易误选C或D，因为按照语法规则，I think后接宾语从句时，其反意疑问句与从句保持一致，但是退一步，即使按此规则，其反意疑问句也应是isn't he或isn't she之类的，而不是像C或D那样用doesn't he和doesn't she。综合四个选项，最佳答案为A，don't you为don't you think so之省略。
